Method and apparatus for aeroponic growth

ABSTRACT

A system for growing plants without soil uses removable V-shaped baskets to support plants in a tiered, self-contained unit. Nutrient enriched water is sprayed on the plant roots. The roots are held by perforations in the elongated V-shaped basket and a plant blanket. The unit is multilevel and can be set over an aquarium. The growing shelf can have a worm bag in order to add natural nutrients. Baskets can be comprised of a pair of identical halves that can be readily mutually coupled. Coupling mechanisms can include those that snap together and those providing for a pivoting coupling.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of provisional application U.S. 61/508,598 Hansen filed on Jul. 15, 2011 and having at least one common inventor. The above application is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.

FIELD

This pertains to the growing of plants without requirement for a solid medium; it is particularly drawn to hydroponic growth wherein plant roots do not rest in water continually.

BACKGROUND

Aeroponic plant growth is plant husbandry without soil and without roots continually immersed in water, as is the case normally in hydroponics. Most aeroponic systems, while not employing soil, do require a medium for roots to gather around. Clay pebbles are often used. In aeroponic systems roots can be watered by intervals of periodically resting in water followed by intervals of being only in air. Alternatively, roots in air can be sprayed with water. Aeroponic techniques have long been proven as a viable and efficient method of plant growth but have not found widespread acceptance for several reasons.

SUMMARY

The methods and apparatus of these teachings can involve V-shaped or U-shaped, perforated baskets. Each basket may hold multiple plants. Multiple plants in one basket can be in close enough adjacency for their respective roots to comingle. The V or U-shaped basket can be comprised of two separate, generally symmetric or mirror image, sides. In that case the sides can be mutually coupled and decoupled. This can allow for a more effective access to the plants and roots.

Particularly when plants are young and small, they can be supported in a generally upright position in the basket by a plant collar or plant blanket of a fabric material along an upper edge of the V-shaped basket. These configurations can dispense with clay pebbles or other root support material. The collar can include a foam material for plant support and for retention of moisture. Multiple baskets can each rest in rectangular openings in a tiered, hollow base. The base can contain plumbing for nutrient-bearing water that can be sprayed in a mist on the roots extending through the perforations. Multiple tiered bases can be mounted vertically with their plumbing interconnected into a closed-loop system. Placing an aquarium in fluid communication with the aeroponic system can create an aquaculture system. The addition of sequestered worms can result in a system of organic cyclic growth of plants and fish.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a first example basket for supporting multiple plants with a collar and a multi-fingered plant blanket;

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the basket of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a view of the basket of FIG. 1 without the plant blanket;

FIG. 4 shows a front view of the basket of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cut-away perspective view of the basket of FIG. 2 along 5-5;

FIG. 6 shows the first example basket with plants growing in it;

FIG. 7 shows the first example basket with plants growing in it in a cut-away view;

FIG. 8 is a shelf unit with positions for supporting nine baskets;

FIG. 9 is the unit of FIG. 8 exploded with the cover off the base;

FIG. 10 is the base portion of FIG. 9 above a catch-pan;

FIG. 11 shows a shelf unit on a fish tank with a pump to circulate water to the aeroponic unit;

FIG. 12 shows a three-shelf aeroponic unit with the lower unit on a fish tank;

FIG. 13 shows the unit of FIG. 12 with the addition of light hoods over each shelf unit;

FIG. 14 shows a shelf unit over a catch-pan with a worm platform;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of the catch-pan of FIG. 11;

FIG. 16 is a cut-away view of the catch-pan along A-A;

FIG. 17 is a cut-away view of the catch-pan of FIG. 15 along B-B;

FIGS. 18 and 19 show perspective views of a second embodiment basket compromised of two symmetric side portions;

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a third embodiment basket comprised of two symmetric sides detached from each other in an exploded view;

FIG. 21 shows an end view of the basket of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 shows one side of the basket of FIG. 20 with foam blocks;

FIG. 23 shows the basket of FIG. 20 with the sides attached at one end and in a hinged position, seen with foam block and plants;

FIG. 24 shows a sectional perspective illustrating the snap mechanisms in a connected configuration

FIG. 25 is a top view of the basket of FIG. 20 in the attached position;

FIG. 26 shows an exploded view of the basket with nutrient bags

FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the basket and hinged position of FIG. 22.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference herein to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, operation, or other characteristics described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one implementation of the invention. However, the appearance of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

In conjunction with the included drawings, this detailed description is intended to impart an understanding of the teachings herein and not to define their metes and bounds.

First Embodiment—Basket Structure

A first example basket embodiment is illustrated in the FIGS. 1-7. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an aeroponic growing basket 10. It has two parallel upper edges 12. Each upper edge is the upper terminus of a planar sidewall perforated with holes 16. The sidewalls, in profile, form a generally V-shape ending at the bottom 15. As shown in FIG. 2 this is not strictly a V-shape in that the two sides do not meet in a point. It might more accurately be referred to as a U-shaped basket or an inverted isosceles trapezoidal shape.

The upper edges each have an opposing multi-fingered “plant blanket” 13 facing each other and bridging the open gap from one upper edge to the other. The blanket can be of a felt material. Below the blanket are foam blocks 14 attached to each perforated sidewall. Together they comprise a collar.

The side view of FIG. 2 illustrates the symmetry of the shape of the basket. Near the top edge of either side is a protrusion 17 to be engaged with an opening in a supporting structure into which the basket might be placed. FIG. 3 shows a basket without the multi-fingered plant blanket 13 for better visibility of the foam blocks.

The front of the basket with its array of perforations is seen in FIG. 4; while FIG. 5 shows a cut-away view allowing the length of the foam block 14 and blanket 13. In FIGS. 6 and 7 plants are illustrated growing in the basket. One attribute of the elongated and perforated baskets is their ability to hold several plants in very close proximity.

Basket—Operations

Small plants are placed in the baskets with roots towards the bottom and the stalk or stem extending upward to be gently captured by the foam collar. For plant growth, the baskets are placed in a light-tight environment with only the upper edges and plant stalk or stem in the light. The dark lower portion is provided with a nutrient rich moist environment. Moisture is captured, retained, and released by the foam blocks. Light reaches the green portions of the plant but does not significantly reach the roots because of the light blocking effect of the multi-fingered, felt plant blanket. When fully grown, the plants can be removed, relocated or remain to be harvested by leaf sizes.

Multiple plants of the same type are generally placed together with intermingled roots in a single basket. As the plants grow the basket may be relocated to other environments with different moisture properties or to accommodate the increasing plant height. When fully grown, the plants can be removed and harvested.

Basket Supporting Structure

Individual baskets are supported in a multi-tiered shelf unit 100 in FIG. 8. This example shelf unit can support nine total baskets 10 in that it has three rows 124 125 126 and three columns 120 121 122 of rectangular openings for aeroponic growing baskets. The baskets fit snuggly into the rectangular openings and are held in place via the protrusions discussed above. The inside of the shelf unit is blocked off from light. FIG. 9 shows the same shelf unit with its cover 102 removed from its base 103. A pipe 104 with spray nozzles is seem inside the base running from the right to the left. The nozzles are better seen in FIG. 10 with the top removed completely. The nutrient bearing spray water is supplied to the unit via an inlet fitting 107. A drain fitting 109 and an overflow fitting 108 complete the plumbing requirements of the unit.

FIG. 10 shows the base with its open frame 107 over a catch-pan 101. The catch-pan has a sloped floor 106 that directs the water from the spraying to an opening 111 for draining via fitting 109 seen in FIG. 9. One configuration for use of the shelf unit is placed above a fish tank 127 as seen in FIG. 11. The fish tank water is part of a closed system for providing nutrients to fish and plants. A pump 134 with a filter 135 pumps fish tank water to the water intake fitting 107 with sufficient pressure to cause the required mist spray. No catch-pan is used and the sprayed water simply falls back into the fish tank.

For practical purposes many system embodiments will have three tiers of shelf units as seem in FIGS. 12 and 13. The lower portion of FIG. 12 is the unit of FIG. 11. In addition a structure 133 has platforms for two additional shelf units. The upper and middle aeroponic units do have catch-pans 101 tied together by a pumping system. The pumped fish tank water is fed under pressure to the intake fittings of all three units via a water source pipe 136. A drainpipe 137 brings the water from the two catch-pans down to the fish tank. If the drain system were to get clogged, an overflow system comprising an overflow pipe 138 would act as a supplemental drain.

FIG. 13 shows the system of FIG. 12 with the addition of light hoods 140 over each of the shelf units.

Alternative Catch-Pan

FIGS. 14-17 show various views of an alternative catch-pan. This version has a worm bag support tray 148. It is raised above the level of the pan floor 106′. As seen in the cut-away view of FIG. 16, the tray is held up by feet 141 a 141 b 141 c. This allows worms that might be in a mesh bag on the tray to move from under water, to in water, to out of water.

Operation

Water is pumped from a reservoir to the plumbing for the spray units. The water has a nutrient added to it. The spray is directed to the plant roots. Water drains downward, possibly into an aquarium. A worm bag may be placed on the floor of the growing shelf. Seedlings are placed adjacent to each other in a V-shaped perforated basket. The basket is placed in a growing site of a tiered growing shelf. Water with nutrients is sprayed on the seedling roots. No soil, clay pebbles, or other additional structure is required. The water that drips down is recaptured to be recycled through the system and in some applications involves the drained water that is provided to a large lower tank appropriate for fish to live in below the growing shelf.

With a balance of plants, fish, and worms, a generally self-sustaining semi-closed system can be attained. The plants, worms, and fish provide for each other in a symbiotic manner.

Second Embodiment Basket

FIGS. 18 and 19 show a second embodiment of an aeroponic growing basket 10′. In this version, one basket is formed by interconnecting two separate, identical side portions. The base is formed by interlocking structures 21 at the bottom of each side portion. By having the basket comprised of two separatable sides it can be easier to access plants. Other tabs, including upper 22 and lower 23 provide for holding of foam blocks.

Third Embodiment Basket

The third embodiment basket is comprised of paired sides that are readily mutually attachable and detachable as in the second embodiment above. However the attachment is via a snapping, pivotable joint.

As seen in FIG. 20 the two sides are identical in structure. The left side 300, as seen in that view has fourteen curved ribs 205. At the near end there is a snap receptacle 203 with an opening 202. The far end has a complementary snap moiety 200 with a mating post 201. As is made clear in the figures, the opposing ends of the left side portion are not configured to mate with each other, but with the complementary structures of the side of the basket 301. Although described as a snap fit, the coupling structures might also be a friction fit. FIG. 24 shows the snap mechanism in isolation.

FIG. 21 shows an end view of the basket in an assembled state without foam blocks or the light blocking fabric. This embodiment uses a light blocking fabric (not shown) in a similar manner as that in the first embodiment seen in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 23 the two sides 300 301 are seen with one end of each mutually coupled to each other by the snap mechanism. Plants2. 10 are seen up against the left side foam block 209. The foam blocks are seen to be held in place by be between lower tabs 207 and upper tabs 204. The cylindrical nature of the post and the shape of the opening in its mating opening provide for a pivotable coupling. This allows ready access to the plants at their various stages of growth.

There are two lower foam support tabs 207 and two upper foam support tabs 204 on each side portion of the basket. The foam supports are used to hold a foam block, as seen in FIG. 22. Besides the foam block held in the upper portion of the basket, a permeable bag of nutrients can be held in the lower portion of the basket along the ribs. In some cases the bag may contain mycorrhizal related substances. The lower hooks 208 at the bottom of the ribs can cooperate with the upper hooks 206 at the top of the curved ribs. A nutrient bag 211 is seen to be supportable by these hooks in the exploded illustration of FIG. 26.

FIG. 25 shows a top view of this basket in an assembled state. The snap moieties 200 are coupled to their mating moieties 203 at each of the opposing ends of the basket. The hinging is further illustrated in the bottom view of FIG. 27.

Those skilled in the art will be aware of materials, techniques and equipment suitable to produce the example embodiments presented as well as variations on those examples. This teaching is presented for purposes of illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments and versions help to explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand it. Various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular application contemplated are expected.

In the following claims, the words “a” and “an” should be taken to mean “at least one” in all cases, even if the wording “at least one” appears in one or more claims explicitly. The scope of the invention is set out in the claims below. 

1. A plant support basket comprising: a. an elongated trough with side walls configured as to provide a generally V-shaped cross section, the trough having an upper opening with two opposing upper edges and a lower terminus region; further the trough having a plurality of sidewall openings of effective sizes to permit roots to grow from the inside of the trough to the outside of the trough; b. a securement structure proximate to at least one upper edge of the trough, the structure shaped and configured to provide for securement of a soft material proximate to an upper edge of the trough.
 2. The plant support basket of claim 1 wherein the securement structure comprises a clip for a fabric.
 3. The plant support basket of claim 1 further comprising a securement structure on each of the two opposing upper edges.
 4. The plant support basket of claim 1 further comprising a fabric material secured to the basket via the securement structure, the fabric material extending at least partially over the trough upper opening.
 5. The plant support basket of claim 3 wherein the soft material is a fabric that forms at least a partial light barrier.
 6. The plant support basket of claim 1 where the trough is comprised of a pair of attachable portions, each portion substantially comprising one of the sidewalls.
 7. The plant support basket of claim 1 with supporting structures on each inner sidewall for attaching a foam block within the trough.
 8. The plant support basket of claim 7 with a foam block coupled via the supporting structure; the foam block proximate to an upper edge and extending substantially along the length of the edge.
 9. The plant support basket of claim 1 wherein the elongated trough is of an effective length to support two or more plants immediately adjacent to each other.
 10. The plant support basket of claim 9 wherein the elongation is effective to support between about four and about eight plants of the same species.
 11. The plant support basket of claim 1 where the openings are perforations.
 12. The plant support basket of claim 1 where the sidewalls are comprised of parallel, spaced apart ribs, the space between ribs comprising the openings.
 13. The plant support basket of claim 6 where the side portions are mutually coupleable by a pivoting joint.
 14. A plant support basket for aeroponic growing comprising an open trough that includes two opposing sidewalls each having a plurality of openings for roots to exit the device; further at least one sidewall supports a coupled resilient porous block.
 15. The plant support basket of claim 14 further comprising a light-blocking fabric coupled to the trough such as to be held in a position over the trough upper opening.
 16. The plant support basket of claim 14 further comprising a porous, flat bag suitable for containing nutrients along the inside of at least on of the side walls.
 17. A support system for aeroponic growing baskets comprising at least one housing defining a cavity, the housing having a floor and a top side; the top side having one or more elongated, generally rectangular openings into a common cavity; the rectangular openings so shaped and configured as to accept an elongated growing basket; a. at least one atomizing spray nozzle located in the cavity.
 18. The support system of claim 17 wherein the top side comprises a multi tiered surface with at least two tiers having rectangular openings into the common cavity; the rectangular openings so shaped and configured as to accept an elongated growing basket;
 19. The support system of claim 17 further wherein the floor includes separable floor catch-pan configured as to collect liquid.
 20. The support system of claim 17 wherein the floor is slanted to effectively provide for water to be directed to a drain.
 21. The support system of claim 17 where the one of more housings are at least two housing configured to mounted one above the other.
 22. The support system of claim 21 configured such as used water from a floor of an upper housing is in fluid communication with the floor of a lower unit.
 23. The system of claim 17 wherein the floor of one unit has a worm bag support region.
 24. The system of claim 17 further comprising an aquarium below the lower unit and wherein the cavity of the lower unit is in fluid communication with the aquarium. 